HFrEF: Stem Cell Treatment and Impacts

Summary

This project explores Heart Failure with Reduced Ejection Fraction (HFrEF), its genetic underpinnings, and emerging stem cell therapies. HFrEF results from conditions like coronary artery disease, dilated cardiomyopathy, and genetic mutations affecting heart muscle structure and function. The Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System (RAAS) plays a significant role in HFrEF progression by causing vasoconstriction, fluid retention, and increased cardiac workload, leading to hypertrophy and myocardial damage.Key genetic contributors include mutations in MYBPC3, TTN, MYH7, LMNA, and BAG3 genes. These mutations disrupt sarcomere function, impair protein homeostasis, and weaken cardiac muscle integrity, accelerating disease progression. Diagnostic tools such as echocardiograms, cardiac MRI, ECG, and blood tests help monitor disease severity and progression. Treatment options include medications like beta-blockers, RAAS inhibitors, and SGLT2 inhibitors, which delay disease progression. Advanced therapies, such as mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and heart transplants, show promise in regenerating damaged cardiac tissue. Clinical trials investigating stem cell therapies, including UC-MSCs and C-kit+ cardiac stem cells, demonstrate improved cardiac function and reduced symptoms.

Max Heart Rate of patients with Heart Disease from author's data analysis
(Figure representation created by the authors:Irene Batta and Alisha Joseph)

RAAS Pathway Effect on HFrEF
(Figure representation created by the authors:Irene Batta and Alisha Joseph)

Molecular Pathophysiology of HFrEF in a cardiac myocyte cell
(Figure representation created by the authors:Irene Batta and Alisha Joseph)

Video Presentation

Impact Statement

Our project looked into the underlying diseases that lead to heart failure with reduced ejection fraction. We conducted a data analysis to analyze the risk factors associated with the underlying diseases that can lead to HFrEF. I learned how to conduct a data analysis and I enjoyed using tools like BioRender for creating figures. Elio Academy's ERP helped prepare me better for future research by teaching me complex biological concepts and gave me a good foundation on how to approach making a research paper. I would also like to thank my mentor who guided me throughout the entire process.

Report White Paper

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By: Irene Batta and Alisha Joseph. The opinions expressed here are the views of the writer and do not necessarily reflect the views and opinions of Elio Academy.

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